Death of the first born...

"But among the Israelites not a dog will bark at any person or animal.' Then you will know that the LORD makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel..." Exodus 11:7

Description of Illustration: black and white, Pharaoh expends the first born upon his pride., Egyptians in mourning, God's vengeance

This is what the LORD says: "About midnight I will go throughout Egypt. Every firstborn son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn of the slave girl, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. There will be loud wailing throughout Egypt—worse than there has ever been or ever will be again."

— Exodus 11:4–6

       Before this final plague, God commanded Moses to inform all the Israelites to mark lamb's blood above their doors on every door in which case the LORD will pass over them and not "suffer the destroyer to come into your houses and smite you" (chapter 12, v. 23).

       After this, Pharaoh, furious, saddened, and afraid that he would be killed next, ordered the Israelites to leave, taking whatever they wanted, and asking Moses to bless him in the name of the Lord. The Israelites did not hesitate, believing that soon Pharaoh would once again change his mind, which he did; and at the end of that night Moses led them out of Egypt with "arms upraised". However, as the Jews left Egypt, the Pharaoh changed his mind again and sent his army after Moses' people. The Jews were trapped by the Red Sea. God split the sea, and the Jews were able to pass safely. As the Egyptian army descended on them, the sea closed before they could reach the Jews.

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Crafting brick in ancient Egypt...

Left, No. 1. Brick stamped with the praenomen of Thothmes III.
 Right, No. 2. Brick from the Pyramid of Illahoon.

Description of Illustrations: from History of ancient pottery by Birch, black and white and greyscale drawings of brick makers and layers in ancient Egypt

Brick stamp bearing the praenomen of Amenophia III and Sepulchral Cones.
 "The inscriptions on the picture record that they are bricks made by
 royal captives, or slaves, to build the temple of Amen Ra at Thebes."

""You are no longer to supply the people with straw for making bricks; let them go and gather their own straw. But require them to make the same number of bricks as before; don't reduce the quota. They are lazy; that is why they are crying out, 'Let us go and sacrifice to our God.'
 Exodus 5:7,8 (NIV)

Brick-making Tomb of Thebes. "Asiatic captives are employed in the work
 under the superintendence of taskmasters: and the scene forcibly
recalls to mind the condition of the Hebrews in the house of bondage."

Brick Arch. Thebes. The inscriptions on the picture record that they are brick.

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Everyday Life in Egypt

Treasury official, weighing rings of gold.

Description of Illustration: little black and white drawings of everyday events in ancient Egypt, useful illustrations for teachers, clergy and authors discussing the Egyptian culture

Heard of oxen taken through the water.

The mayor of the village brought to render account.

Peasant women bringing tribute from the villages of "lake, cakes, wine, mountains, funeral sacrifices, etc...

Scribes of the old empire.

Shepherds cooking, of the time of the old empire.

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Women of Cairo, Egypt

Description of Illustration: restored photograph, Women of Cairo, Egypt, costume, musical instruments, pottery, veils, bare feet

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Ancient Egyptian Country Home

Illustration Described: fully restored Egyptian country house, servant or slave, drawing water from canal, stucco, mud brick, palm trees, beautiful day

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Ancient Egyptian Galley

Illustration Described: restored full color illustration of an Egyptian Galley, The Nile River, sailors

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Ancient Egyptian Archer

 
Description of Illustration: black and white illustration of ancient Egyptian archer, ancient armor

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Genesis 41:38

Description of Illustration: Vintage illustrations on the Life of Joseph can be given new life with color and scripture. Here is Pharoah speaking with his court about the dream interpretations of Joseph, "Can we find a man like this, in whom is the Spirit of God?" Genisis 41:38

The Pharaoh of Joseph's time considered himself a "political god" similar to those ideas of the Roman Caesars. He did not put himself above the idea that there might in fact be an actual God of all in heaven. Pharaoh's after him, however, became "drunk with power" and believed it unnecessary to answer to a supreme Being. This led to the demise of the kingdom of Egypt as it always does throughout human history both in biblical times and even now. God gives each ruler time to discover the true and only God, and then change the way they rule over people. However, if that ruler does not grow and he also begins to persecute the faithful, his kingdom will fall.

• To whom do the kingdoms of the world belong to?  
• Are all rulers God-appointed? Romans 13 and John 19
• Why does God allow evil men like Hitler and Saddam to come into power?
• Does God Select Kings?
• A Kingdom Not of This World

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The Pharoah of Joseph's time was kind and learned to trust in the mercies of Jehovah.

Comes in three four colors: mauve, blue, tan and grey.

Exodus 4:21

Although this is not the pharaoh that Moses knew, I have used him here to represent all pharaohs and also the one that the scripture refers to in Exodus.

Description of Illustration: three versions of "a pharaoh" to illustrate the scripture from Exodus 4:2 "And the Lord said to Moses, "When you go back to Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the miracles that I have put in your power. But I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go." (ESV) illustrations available in tan/brown, blue and grey

 

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• The Hardening of Pharaoh and the Hope of the World
• "Victory Anticipated!"

A Pastel of Pharoah's Daughter

Description of Illustration:  I drew this portrait in 2012 of Pharoah's Daughter who pulled Moses from the rushes, recorded in Exodus Chapter 2, text below "She took the child and nursed him. ¹⁰ When the child was old enough, she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. Pharaoh’s daughter named him Moses [Pulled Out] and said, “I pulled him out of the water." Drawing by Kathy Grimm

text, "I pulled him out of the water."

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